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''Epistemological Letters'' was a hand-typed, mimeographed, "underground" physics newsletter about quantum physics that was sent out to a private mailing list, or what physicist John Clauser called a "quantum subculture," between 1973 and 1984.〔For 1973, see ("Epistemological letters" ), Amazon, 1 January 1973, and ("Epistemological letters" ), Abe Books. *Andrew Whitaker gives the dates as 1974–1984. See Andrew Whitaker, ''The New Quantum Age: From Bell's Theorem to Quantum Computation and Teleportation'', Oxford University Press, 2012, (p. 145 ). *For "underground" and "quantum subculture," see John F. Clauser, "Early History of Bell's Theorem," in R.A. Bertlmann and A. Zeilinger (eds.), ''Quantum (Un)speakables: From Bell to Quantum Information'', Springer, 2002, (p. 62 ).〕 Distributed by a Swiss foundation, the newsletter was created because mainstream academic journals were reluctant to publish articles about the philosophy of quantum mechanics, especially anything that implied support for issues such as action at a distance.〔 Thirty-six or thirty-seven issues of the ''Epistemological Letters'' appeared, each between four and eighty-nine pages long.〔For 36 issues, see ("Epistemological letters" ), Abe Books. For 37 issues and the number of pages, see Whitaker 2012, p. 145.〕 Several well-known scientists, including the Irish physicist John Bell (1928–1990), the originator of Bell's theorem, published their material there.〔 According to Clauser, much of the early work on Bell's theorem was published only in ''Epistemological Letters''.〔 ==Interpretations of quantum physics== Physicist Andrew Whitaker writes that a powerful group of physicists centred on Niels Bohr (1885–1962), Wolfgang Pauli (1900–1958) and Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976) made clear that "there was no place in physics – no jobs in physics! – for anybody who dared to question the Copenhagen interpretation" (Bohr's interpretation) of quantum theory.〔Whitaker 2012, pp. 1–2.〕 Clauser writes that any inquiry into the "wonders and peculiarities" of quantum mechanics and quantum entanglement that went outside the "party line" was prohibited, in what he argues amounted to an "evangelical crusade."〔John F. Clauser, "Early History of Bell's Theorem," in R.A. Bertlmann, and A. Zeilinger (eds.), ''Quantum (Un)speakables: From Bell to Quantum Information'', Springer, 2002, (p. 62 ).〕 Samuel Goudsmit (1902–1978), editor of the prestigious ''Physical Review'', imposed a formal ban on the philosophical debate; he issued instructions to referees that they should feel free to reject material that even hinted at it.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Epistemological Letters」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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